![]() Royal Tourists, Colonial Subjects, and the Making of a British World, 1860-1911 examines the ritual space of nineteenth-century royal tours of empire and the diverse array of historical actors who participated in them. The book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability history, disability studies, social and cultural history, and representations of disability in literature. It argues that, far from being excluded entirely from British industry, disability and disabled people were central to its development. The burgeoning coalfields literature used images of disability on a frequent basis and disabled characters were used to represent the human toll of the industry.Ī diverse range of sources are used to examine the economic, social, political and cultural impact of disability in the coal industry, looking beyond formal coal company and union records to include autobiographies, novels and oral testimony. And yet disabled people remained a constant presence in the industry as many disabled miners continued their jobs or took up ‘light work’. During this time, the statutory provision for disabled people changed considerably, most notably with the first programme of state compensation for workplace injury. The book considers the coal industry at a time when it was one of Britain’s most important industries, and follows it through a period of growth up to the First World War, through strikes, depression and wartime, and into an era of decline. This book examines the British coal industry through the lens of disability, using an interdisciplinary approach to examine the lives of disabled miners and their families. However, the experiences of the many disabled people within Britain’s most dangerous industry have gone largely unrecognised by historians. In 1972, US President Richard Nixon visited China and met Mao.Coalmining was a notoriously dangerous industry and many of its workers experienced injury and disease. His later years saw attempts to build bridges with the United States, Japan and Europe. Mao appeared victorious, but his health was deteriorating. In September 1967, with many cities on the verge of anarchy, Mao sent in the army to restore order. One-and-a-half million people died and much of the country's cultural heritage was destroyed. In an attempt to re-assert his authority, Mao launched the 'Cultural Revolution' in 1966, aiming to purge the country of 'impure' elements and revive the revolutionary spirit. The policy was abandoned and Mao's position weakened. The result, instead, was a massive decline in agricultural output, which, together with poor harvests, led to famine and the deaths of millions. This aimed at mass mobilisation of labour to improve agricultural and industrial production. In 1958, in an attempt to introduce a more 'Chinese' form of communism, Mao launched the 'Great Leap Forward'. The Chinese initially received significant help from the Soviet Union, but relations soon began to cool. All opposition was ruthlessly suppressed. Industry came under state ownership and China's farmers began to be organised into collectives. Mao and other Communist leaders set out to reshape Chinese society. Chiang Kai-shek fled to the island of Taiwan. The Communists were victorious, and on 1 October 1949 Mao proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Communists and KMT were again temporarily allied during eight years of war with Japan (1937-1945), but shortly after the end of World War Two, civil war broke out between them. In 1934, after the KMT surrounded them, Mao led his followers on the 'Long March', a 6,000 mile journey to northwest China to establish a new base. ![]() Mao and other communists retreated to south east China. Then in 1927, the KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek launched an anti-communist purge. In 1923, the Kuomintang (KMT) nationalist party had allied with the CCP to defeat the warlords who controlled much of northern China. In 1921, he became a founder member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a branch in Hunan. It was during this time that he began to read Marxist literature. After training as a teacher, he travelled to Beijing where he worked in the University Library. Mao was born on 26 December 1893 into a peasant family in Shaoshan, in Hunan province, central China. He was responsible for the disastrous policies of the 'Great Leap Forward' and the 'Cultural Revolution'. © Mao was a Chinese communist leader and founder of the People's Republic of China.
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